When is pepsinogen released

Pepsin is expressed as a pro-form zymogen, pepsinogen , whose primary structure has an additional 44 amino acids. In the stomach, chief cells release pepsinogen. This zymogen is activated by hydrochloric acid HCl , which is released from parietal cells in the stomach lining.

The hormone gastrin and the vagus nerve trigger the release of both pepsinogen and HCl from the stomach lining when food is ingested. HCl creates an acidic environment which allows pepsinogen to unfold and cleave itself in an autocatalytic fashion, thereby generating pepsin the active form.

Pepsin cleaves the 44 amino acids from pepsinogen to create more pepsin. It will not cleave at bonds containing valine, alanine or glycine. Peptides may be further digested by other proteases in the duodenum and eventually absorbed by the body. Pepsin is stored as pepsinogen so it will only be released when needed, and does not digest the body's own proteins in the stomach's lining. Pepsin functions best in acidic environments because it is found in an acidic environment, particularly those in a pH of 1.

Other important digestive proteases are the pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin. Pepsin denatures if the pH is more than 5. Pepsin is potently inhibited by the peptide inhibitor pepstatin. Autolysis may also be prevented by storage of pepsins at pH 11 or by using pepsins modified by e. When the pH is adjusted back to pH 6 activity returns. Category : EC 3. Read what you need to know about our industry portal bionity.

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Dibutyryl cAMP increased pepsinogen release in a dose-dependent manner. Isoproterenol was found to increase the cAMP content of gastric glands and to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity in homogenates.

The beta-adrenergic stimulation of adenylyl cyclase was found to be selective for a population of gastric cells that was relatively depleted of parietal cells and distinct from the histamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity.