Where is el azizia libya

Callagan , : The climate of Death Valley. Seamon , L. Bartlett , : Climatological extremes. USDA U. Weekly Weather Crop Bull. Talman , C. Bobbs-Merrill Company , pp. ESSA , : Temperature extremes. Environmental Data Services L. ESSA , : Worldwide extremes of temperature, precipitation, and pressure recorded by continental area. A instrument catalog image of the Bellani-Six-style thermometer. Maximum temperatures for Sep recorded at El Azizia The 13 Sep maximum in top is four sigma deviations off of the —90 average.

This committee identified five major concerns with the El Azizia temperature extreme record, specifically 1 potentially problematical instrumentation, 2 a probable new and inexperienced observer at the time of observation, 3 unrepresentative microclimate of the observation site, 4 poor correspondence of the extreme to other locations, and 5 poor comparison to subsequent temperature values recorded at the site.

The WMO assessment is that the highest recorded surface temperature of Due to problems with instrumentation, siting, and observational procedures, the WMO has invalidated the year-old record for the world's highest temperature.

El Azizia many variant spellings exist is situated at an elevation of m about 40 km south-southwest of Tripoli, Libya Fig. It was this phenomenon that led to the purported temperature extreme.

Citation: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, 2; Many—perhaps most—past historical meteorological extremes compilations have accepted the temperature extreme at El Aziza. As Seamon and Bartlett , p. However, within a few years of its occurrence, several researchers began to evaluate critically the temperature extreme. In our reanalysis, the World Meteorological Organization WMO Commission of Climatology CCl evaluation committee identified five major concerns with this extreme record, specifically 1 potentially problematical instrumentation, 2 a probable new and inexperienced observer at the time of observation, 3 the unrepresentative microclimate of the observation site, 4 the poor correspondence of the extreme to other records, and 5 the poor comparison to subsequent temperature values recorded at the site.

Although we do not have a photograph of the actual instrument used, the Bellani-Six thermometer likely resembled the one depicted in Fig. This instrument, first created by James Six —93 , was called a Bellani-Six in Italy as Angelo Bellani was the first Italian manufacturer of such instruments.

However, several experts informed the committee that this type of thermometer was more frequently used in private households rather than as official recording instruments. The Bellani-Six thermometer consists of a U-shaped tube with a sealed alcohol container and a sealed ampoule. The ampoules and the linking tubes contain alcohol, while in the middle the tube contains mercury.

Steel pins within the alcohol are pushed by the mercury and subsequently retain their positions, their lower ends indicating the minimum and maximum temperatures recorded. Daily reset of the instrument is accomplished by use of a magnet. The displayed image Fig. Judging by Fantoli's remarks, it is unlikely that the Italian Colonial Meteorological Service would have had professional use for such an instrument, so it is probable that it was found elsewhere in the military fort and put into operation when the official maximum thermometer was broken.

The committee also discovered that in , a respected instrument meteorologist, W. Based on this and other knowledge of the instrument, the committee concluded that an individual who was unfamiliar with the Bellani-Six thermometer would likely experience difficulty in accurately reading such a device.

The committee deemed it plausible that inaccurate determination of which end of the recording pin choosing the higher end rather than the correct lower end to use for temperature evaluation created substantial error in measurement as well as other potential additional reading errors e.

Second, the observer's potential inexperience raised concerns for the evaluation committee. The original data entry sheet Fig. According to Italian members of the WMO committee, the observer would have been associated with the Italian military but no specific name, rank, or other identification exists.

In addition, beginning on 11 September , the maximum temperature readings increase dramatically, while the minimums continue more or less within range. Third, the microclimate of the observation site was not typical of the area in several aspects.

The plaza coating of tarred concrete could accentuate surface heating beyond the norms for a natural desert environment. Besides, the consistent reduction shown by mainly maximum temperature post observations cannot be explained by the station relocation, since changes in both altitude and exposure are negligible. Fourth, this extreme is inconsistent with other temperature analyses and records of the area. Furthermore Fig. Called Dasht-e Lut in Persian, this desert in eastern Iran has consistently been in the top 5 hottest places on earth for many years.

And over its 5, sq km area, there is no vegetation or animal life. Well this year Queensland Rail cancelled scheduled trains on concerns of tracks buckling due to high temperatures — this is how hot it gets in the outbacks. Back in September 13, , it set the record of being the hottest place on Earth.

But since then its record has been contested. Given its incredibly hot weather, it is no wonder energy experts have zeroed-in on it as the ideal place for a solar energy project. The town is also famous for being one of the oldest in Africa. Part of the reason for the extreme temperatures is that at some places the valley plunges to 86 m below sea level. Recently in the news because Islamists destroyed many ancient manuscripts and artefacts, this Saharan outpost is a Unesco world heritage site.

But stay away from April to September as the desert sun will singe you. An over 2,year-old oasis, Ghadames is famous for its "old town", a Unesco heritage site. So if you want to check the Nubian antiquities or Buhen remains give these months a miss. The sweltering weather, leading to a storm is perfectly mirrored inside the jurors' room where 12 men deliberate the alleged crime of a Puerto Rican youth.

Watch it for Henry Fonda's superb acting as well as for a taut drama. Body Heat: Throughout Lawrence Kasdan's hit, weather crops up. The Florida heat, shirts stuck to backs, open refrigerators But it is more likely that Kathleen Turner will singe you.

One particularly damning piece of evidence was tracked down in the original log of the reading in El Azizia. A review of the document revealed that the person who took the measurement consistently misread the Six Bellini thermometer used at the Libyan site. The instrument was similar to the maximum-minimum thermometers sold at garden centres today. The device had a pin on each side of a U-shaped glass tube of mercury. One pin recorded the day's highest temperature, the other recorded the lowest.

The temperature should be read off the bottom of each pin, but if the top were used, the measurement would be wrong, and up to seven Celsius higher than the actual maximum temperature.

If the observer had read the correct end of the pin and there had been grass or sand underneath the instrument instead of asphalt, the problem wouldn't have been so bad," said Parker. Their grandchildren might be disappointed that their grandparent hadn't broken the world record, but it's unlikely to have any serious impact," Parker said.